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NASEO Wire Charges Analysis Paper

Chapter IX:

Notes and References

  1. A recent example of such a survey is "America Speaks Out on Energy, a Survey of Public Attitudes on Sustainable Energy Issues" issued by the Sustainable Energy Budget Coalition, January 16, 1996, based on a December 1995 Survey by Vincent J. Breglio and Ronald H. Hinckley.
  2. For example the residential retail price of electricity in the Niagara Mohawk service area is 10.6¢/kWh; the current marginal wholesale price is estimated to average 2¢/kWh.
  3. For example, 8-10¢/kWh for industrial electricity is common in New England, while 3-5¢/kWh is common in the Midwest.
  4. New York State Energy Office, 1994 New York State Energy Plan, Albany, New York, October 1994.
  5. Orlando, Joseph A., Cogeneration Planner's Handbook, Lilburn Georgia; Fairmont Press, 1991.
  6. Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Outlook 1996, With Projections to 2015, Washington, D.C., January 1996.
  7. Ibid.
  8. The Avoca project in central New York developed by U.S. Generating is an example of a forward gas supply storage system.
  9. New York State Energy Office, New York State Energy Plan, 1994, Albany, New York, October 1994.
  10. The market for SO2 allowances was at a all-time low during February 1996, according to the Emissions Exchange Corporation.
  11. Center for Clean Air Policy. Comments of the Center for Clean Air Policy on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement on Open Access for Transmission Service, Washington, D.C., February 1996.
  12. Newcomb, James. The Future of Energy Efficiency Services in A Competitive Environment, E-Source Strategic Issues Papers, May, 1994.
  13. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook, 1996 with Projections to 2015, Washington, D.C., January 1996.
  14. For example, the 1994 New York State Energy Plan projected electricity demand to rise by 1.3 percent per year without DSM programs and 0.8 percent per year with DSM.
  15. California Public Utilities Commission. Decision 95-12-063 (December 20, 1995), as modified by Decision 96-01-009 (January 10, 1996).
  16. Neitzel, Scott, Commissioner, Wisconsin Public Utilities Commission. Interviews and personal correspondence with author. December 1995 and January 1996.
  17. Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities. DPU 95-30, Electric Industry Restructuring Order, August 16, 1995.
  18. Lee, Judith A. and Liberty, Ronald, Recommended Decision, New York Public Service Commission, Case 94-E-0952 - In the Matter of Competitive Opportunities Regarding Electric Service, December 21, 1995.
  19. Examples include Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
  20. FERC. Promoting Wholesale Competition Through Open Access Non-Discriminatory Transmission Services By Public utilities (RM95-8-000) and Recovery of Stranded Costs by Public Utilities and Transmitting Utilities (RM94-7-001), Washington, D.C., November 1995.
  21. O'Driscoll, Mary. Utility Industry Shows a Surprising Degree of Support for ISOs. The Energy Daily, January 25, 1996.
  22. California Public Utilities Commission. Decision 95-R-063 (December 20, 1995) as modified by Decision 96-01-009 (January, 1996).
  23. The FERC's January 24, 1996 technical conference on pools raised most of the debate points.
  24. Stalon, Charles, former FERC Commissioner. Presentation at The Third DOE-NARUC National Electricity Forum, and interview with author, December 4, 1995.
  25. Hogan, William. A Wholesale Pool Spot Market Must be Administered by the Independent System Operator: Avoiding the Separation Fallacy, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, October 25, 1995.
  26. The proposal by New England Electric System before the Rhode Island Legislature calls for a 3.0¢/kWh stranded cost charge and a .02-.04¢/kWh stranded benefits charge.
  27. The Recommended Decision in the New York Public Service Competitive Opportunities Cases is an example of relative emphasis on utility efficiency programs.
  28. Nadel, Steven; Geller, Howard; and, Pye, Miriam. DSM Under Attack: Are Utilities Overreacting To The Threat of Retail Wheeling? American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, Washington, D.C., March 1995.
  29. Centolella, Paul, Science Applications International Corporation. Presentation of research at Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Seminar on Restructuring of the Electricity Industry, December 6, 1995. Follow-up interviews with the author, January 1996.
  30. For example Detroit Edison is providing energy efficiency services to General Motors plants outside their service area.
  31. Rader, Nancy. Interviews with the author, September, 1995.
  32. Bradford, Peter. A Regulatory Compact Worthy of the Name, The Electricity Journal, November, 1995.
  33. Coalition of Northeastern Governors Policy Research Center. CONEG Energy Working Group. Deregulation and Competition in Electricity markets, Washington, D.C., November, 1995.
  34. Cicchetti, Charles. Arthur Anderson Economic Consulting. Presentation at The Third DOE-NARUC National Electricity Forum and interview with the author, December 6, 1995.
  35. Energy Information Administration. State Energy Data Report, 1993, Consumption Estimates, Washington, D.C., July 1995.
  36. Bishop, Frank, Executive Director of National Association of State Energy Officials, Interview, March 1996.
  37. California Energy Commission. Electricity Report, November 1995.
  38. Barwig, Floyd. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Personal interviews, December 1995.
  39. Phelps, George, Director of Government Affairs, North American Insulation Manufacturers Association. Presentation at National Association of State Energy Officials, February 22, 1996.
  40. Rinebolt, David. National Association of State Energy Officials, personal interviews, November and December 1995.
  41. Tait, James, Director, Florida Energy Office. Personal interviews with the author, September 1995 and February 1996.
  42. Benner, Nancy, and Dasher, Carolyn. Commissioning: What Energy Owner Wants to Know. The Northeast Conference on Building Commissioning, Seattle, Washington, November 14, 1995.
  43. Stanley, Roya, Energy Bureau Chief, Iowa Department of Natural Resource. Personal interviews with author and correspondence.
  44. Henderson, Brian, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Interview and correspondence with the author.
  45. Nadel, Steven; Shepard, Michael; Greenberg, Steven; Katz, Gail; and, deAlmeida, Anabal. Energy-Efficient Motor Systems: A Handbook on Technology, Program and Policy Opportunities, American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, Washington, D.C., 1992.
  46. Henderson, Brian. New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. Interview and correspondence with author.
  47. Meier, Patrick, Director, Wisconsin Energy Bureau. Personal interviews with author and correspondence, September 1995 and March 1996.
  48. Newcomb, James. The Future of Energy Efficiency Services in a Competitive Environment, E-Source Strategic Issues Papers, May 1994.
  49. Hansen, Shirley. Performance Contracting For Energy and Environmental Systems. Liburn Georgia, Fairmont Press, 1992.
  50. Cudahy, Richard D and Dressen, Thomas K. A Review of the ESCO Industry in the United States. National Association of Energy Service Companies, Washington, D.C., January 1996.
  51. Gromer, Paul, Executive Director, Massachusetts Efficiency Council, personal interviews, December 1995 and January 1996.
  52. For example Unticorp's purchase of an ESCO in upstate New York and New York State Electric and Gas's purchase of Xenergy, a major ESCO.
  53. Hansen, Shirley. Performance Contracting For Energy and Environmental System. Liburn Georgia, Fairmont Press, 1992.
  54. Stanley, Roya, Energy Bureau Chief, Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Personal interviews with author and correspondence.
  55. Meier, Patrick, Director, Wisconsin Energy Bureau. Personal interviews with author and correspondence.
  56. Milsten, Donald, Deputy Director, Maryland Energy Administration. Personal interviews with author.
  57. Stanley, Roya, Energy Bureau Chief, Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Personal interviews, March 1996.
  58. Larson, Douglas, Executive Director, Western States Interstate Energy Board. Personal interview, March, 1996.
  59. Burks, Jeffrey, Director, Office of Energy and Resource Planning, Utah Department of Natural Resources. Personal interview, March 1996.
  60. Jamison, Van C., Administrator, Montana Department of Environmental Quality. Personal interview, March, 1996.
  61. Ibid.
  62. Tombari, Carol, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Personal interview with authority, March 1996.
  63. The recent Public Service of Colorado experience demonstrated a significant gap between the initial market survey and the actual participation.